“The Practical Perforator Flap”: the sural artery flap for lower extremity soft tissue reconstruction in wounds of war

Peroneal artery perforator flap for the treatment of chronic lower extremity wounds

BACKGROUND Reconstruction of chronic lower extremity wounds remains challenging. These wounds are mainly associated with diabetes mellitus, infections, and osteomyelitis. Although several reconstructive techniques are available, the peroneal artery perforator flap has unique advantages. METHODS In this study, we discuss our experiences with peroneal artery perforator flaps in 55 patients who ...

Synchronous Soleus and Reverse Sural Flap for Large Soft Tissue Defect Reconstruction of Leg

BACKGROUND Extended Soft tissue defect of leg including middle and distal parts always has been a challenge for many plastic surgeons and also a frustrated problem for patients and families. To introduce the use of the soleus muscle and reverse sural flaps as synchronous surgical treatment alternative of the leg bone exposure with large soft tissue defect, this study was conducted. METHODS T...

The Reverse Superficial Sural Artery Flap Revisited for Complex Lower Extremity and Foot Reconstruction

BACKGROUND Soft-tissue defects of the distal lower extremity and foot present significant challenges to the reconstructive surgeon. The reverse superficial sural artery flap (RSSAF) is a popular option for many of these difficult wounds. Our initial experience with this flap at multiple institutions resulted in a 50% failure rate, mostly because of critical venous congestion. To overcome this, ...

Gastrocnemius Muscle Flap and Its Application in Lower Extremity Reconstruction

Surgical anatomy of the medial sural artery perforator flap.

BACKGROUND The medial sural (medial gastrocnemius) perforator flap is a thin flap with a long pedicle. It has tremendous potential for applications in a variety of soft-tissue defects. We aimed to further clarify the vascular anatomy of the medial sural region and establish a safe approach for elevation of this flap. METHODS Ten fresh cadaveric lower limbs were injected and used in this study...